FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is related to mowing devices for
mowing lawns and other vegetation areas, and more particularly to the cutting decks
and the cutting blade assembly arrangements therein, as well the cutting blade assemblies
therein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
When mowing a lawn or other vegetation area, it is desired
to cut the greatest width possible, as well as with the sharpest, or most robust
cut. Conventional push or driven mowers, as well as the ROBOMOW® Classic™
autonomous lawnmower, available from Friendly Machines, Even Yehuda 40500, Israel,
and detailed in "Robomow Installation & Operation Guide", ©1999, this document
incorporated by reference herein, typically employ bodies with cylindrical or rounded
blade hoods, that envelope a single rotating blade therein. The ROBOMOW® Classic™
autonomous lawnmower has a blade housing and blade assembly in accordance with that
detailed in PCT Patent Application No.
PCT/IL99/00336
(
WO 99/65289
), entitled: CUTTING AND MULCHING BLADE AND DEVICE, this PCT Patent Application
incorporated by reference herein.
All of these mowers have a body with an area, preferably
circular, for accomodating a single rotating blade. These blades typically include
an opening though which a rod from the rotating motor extends. This rod is adapted
to receive a bolt or the like at its end, to retain the blade in the assembled position
for mowing (cutting). The blade length is less than the diameter than the blade
hood for proper operation of the lawn mower.
This single blade construction exhibits drawbacks. Initially,
the, length of this single blade requires an equal cutting length (as well as an
equal cutting width), whereby the length of the mower is fixed at least by the length
of this single cutting blade. Also, this single blade is rotated by the motor at
a single speed, and should there be high grass, dense grass, dense vegetation or
combinations thereof, the blade rotation will slow down and cutting speed will be
slower; resulting In a less sharp or robust cut.
Moreover, in multiple blade mowers, these blades are typically
connected by a single belt and driven by a single motor. If a high resistance is
applied to one of the blades, such as in dense grass or vegetation, this one blade
slowing down affects all other blades and forces them to slow down as well. Again,
the blade rotations will slow down and cutting speeds will be slower, resulting
in a less sharp or robust cut.
All of the lawnmowers mentioned above exhibit additional
drawbacks in that their blades are attached to a rotating rod by a bolt or other
similar screw-type mechanism. This is because disassembly and reassembly of the
blade onto the rotating rod requires special tools, is time consuming and may be
dangerous. Moreover, when the blade is reassembled onto the rod, it may not be assembled
so as to be balanced, due to wear on the opening and improper positioning by the
person doing the reassembly. Also, the blades may be attached too loose or too tight,
whereby the blade could come off, if too loosely attached, or could fall if too
tightly attached.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Examples of the present invention can improve on the contemporary
art by providing a cutting system of multiple blade assemblies positioned in the
mower body on a cutting deck, so as to shorten the length of the mower, when compared
to a single blade having the length that is the sum of the lengths of multiple blades.
Also, the cutting system may be such that each blade assembly is powered (rotated)
by its own dedicated motor, with each motor independently operable with respect
to each other motor, and thus, each motor is capable of being controlled independently
of the other motors, so as to rotate the respective blades at different speeds,
to produce a sharp, robust cut. This arrangement of motors is such that, on average,
input power for operating all motors is less than the input power for suitable motors
that power single blades for covering the same cutting widths. Additionally, there
is disclosed a blade assembly, whereby the blade attached to the rotating mechanism
in a simple, safe and tool free manner, whereby the attachment results in the blade
being balanced and with the proper amount of "play", so as not to be attached too
loose or too tight.
A lawnmower is described with a cutting, deck that accommodates
a plurality of, typically three, blade assemblies. Each of these blade assemblies
typically comprises a blade and a motor for rotating the blade. Each motor in each
respective blade assembly is Independently operable, and thus, typically independently
controllable, with respect to each other motor in the respective other blade assemblies.
The blade assemblies are typically spaced apart with respect to each other to define
a cutting width, and this spacing is such that the cut produced by the lawnmower
is a continuously cut segment; this segment having a length corresponding to, and
typically the same as, the cutting width.
There is also disclosed a lawnmower blade assembly. This
blade assembly is balanced so as to provide proper blade rotation for sharp, clean
cutting. This blade assembly includes a motor in communication with, typically terminating
in a rotatable stub, and a blade including a cutting blade portion coupled to a
receiver. This receiver includes members for receiving the stub and retaining it
in the receiver in a releasable engagement. The motor, stub, cutting blade portion
and receiver are configured to be in coaxial alignment, such that said the blade
is balanced upon cutting. The stub and receiver are configured such that the stub
includes an outer surface and the receiver includes an inner surface, that are correspondingly
configured with respect to each other for allowing a sufficient but minimal amount
of rotational play for the blade.
The lawnmower blade assembly, can preferably be assembled
and disassembled, typically the blade separated from the motor, in a "tools free"
manner, by an operator using only his hands. In an example, the blade assembly has
a motor in communication with, typically terminating, In a rotatable stub, and a
blade including a cutting blade portion coupled to a receiver. This receiver includes
a receiver member and flexible members in communication with the receiver member.
The flexible members are designed for moving between outward and inward positions
for engaging and retaining the stub in the receiver member in a releasable engagement,
these flexible members including ends and configured such that pressure on these
ends moves the flexible members outward, allowing for at least for the disengagement
of the blade from the motor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Attention is now directed to the attached drawings, wherein
like reference numeral or characters indicate corresponding or like components.
In the drawings:
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention with a cut away section
detailing blade assembly arrangement
- Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the present invention with a first embodiment of
a blade assembly ;
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operating system of the present invention
;
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the first embodiment of the blade assembly;
- Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the first embodiment of the blade assembly;
- Fig. 6 is a partially exploded view of the first embodiment of the blade assembly;
- Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the blade assembly
2 taken along line 7-7 of Fig. 4; and
- Fig. 8 is the present invention with a second embodiment of the blade assembly.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figs. 1 and 2 detail a lawnmower, here for example, a robotic
lawnmower or robot 20, employing the cutting deck 21 and blade assemblies 22a-22c
and blade assembly arrangement of the present invention. The robot 20 has a body
24 with an outer shell 25, along with front 26 and rear 28 wheels. The cutting deck
21, can be for example, a mulching deck, and fits into the body 24 so as to accommodate
the blade assemblies 22a-22c, each having a dedicated motor (M) 32a-32c (motors
32b and 32c shown in Fig. 3) and blades 34, in an arrangement that defines the cutting
system of the present invention. The body 24 includes chambers 36. closed by a ring-like
plate 37, that attaches to the body 24 a snap-in fit or conventional mechanical
fastening techniques, for accommodating and holding the respective motor (M) 32a-32c
of the respective blade assembly 22a-22c. The body 24 and outer shell 25 also include
a slot 38 for a controller 39, both remote and manual, as detailed in commonly owned
U.S. Patent Application No. 09/221,834
, entitled: METHOD FOR OPERATING A ROBOT, incorporated by reference herein,
and the "Robomow Installation & Operation Guide", and a space 40 for a power supply
41 (Fig. '3) such as batteries (for example two standard 12V batteries).
Turning to the cutting deck 21, here for example, a mulching
deck, as detailed in Fig. 2, the blade assemblies 22a-22c, particularly the blades
34 are positioned with lateral blade assemblies 22a and 22c positioned forward of
an intermediate blade assembly 22b, and preferably in an arrangement corresponding
to an isosceles triangle, with the base being a line at least substantially perpendicular
to a longitudinal axis 43, extending through the body 24. The lateral blade assemblies
22a, 22c are at identical positions on opposite sides of the mulching deck 21 with
the intermediate blade assembly 22b symmetric to each lateral blade assembly 22a,
22c.
This positioning of the blade assemblies 22a-22c on the
cutting deck 21 allows for the blades 34 to be minimally spaced apart from each
other at their edges, yet provide cutting over the entire cutting width (CW) defined
by the total span of the blades 34. This positioning of blade assemblies 22a-22c
provides a cut of the grass and/or vegetation that is a sharp, clean, and of a cut
that is continuous over a segment of the grass and/or vegetation defined by the
cutting width (CW) of the cutting deck 21. Additionally, this blade assembly arrangement
is of length L (along axis 43), that is less than the sum of the lengths of all
of the blades 34, and thus, the overall length of the body 24 is less than a comparable
body of the conventional single blade construction, housing a blade equal in length
to the sum of the three blades 34 of the blade assemblies 22a-22c.
The opposite configuration of lateral 22a, 22c blade assemblies
with respect to the intermediate blade assembly 22b is also permissible. If necessary,
the front wheel 26 can be moved rearward to accommodate this positioning. Additionally,
any number of blade assemblies is also permissible provided the arrangement is in
accordance with that detailed above.
The motors 32a-32c can be, for example, a 150W input motor
suitable for creating rotary motion. These motors 32a-32c are independently operable
with respect to each other, and preferably controlled separately from each other
(independently with respect to each other). As a result of this configuration, the
respective blades 34 can rotate at different speeds with respect to each other,
any two blades can rotate at the same speed with the third blade rotating at a different
speed, or all three blades can rotate at the same speed.
Fig. 3 details the operating system 50 for the robot 20
housed in the body 24. White main components of the system are detailed here, all
other components are identical or similar to those detailed in the ROBOMOW®
Classic™ autonomous lawnmower, commonly owned PCT Patent Application
No.
PCT/IL99/00248
(
WO 99/59042
) entitled: AREA COVERAGE WITH AN AUTONOMOUS ROBOT, this PCT Patent Application
incorporated by reference herein.
The operating system includes a main board 52 with a microprocessor,
for the main control system. The main board 52 also includes components for providing
a mapping and navigation system, such as that detailed in
PCT/IL99/00248
(
WO 99/59042
). The main board 52 provides logic for the drive system circuitry 54 that
controls movement of the wheels 26, 28, sensors 56, for example, those for detecting
obstacles and boundaries, as detailed in
PCT/IL99/00248
, and the motors 32a-32c, for each of the blade assemblies 22aa-22c. The
main board 52 is also coupled to each of the motors 36a-36c, as well as the controller
39. All components of this operating system are powered by the power supply 41.
The motors 32a-32c, as detailed above, are coupled to the
main board 52, such that they can rotate the blades independently of each other,
as detailed above. The motors 32a-32c can be controlled by commands from the controller
39, microprocessor of the main board 52, or both.
The controller 39, as detailed above, is configured for
receiving commands from an operator, either manually or remotely, and sending these
commands to the main board. These commands typically include ON(GO)/OFF(STOP) for
the power supply 41, typically to completely stop robot motion as well as cutting.
These commands typically are also directed to directional or motion commands for
the drive system circuitry 54, to control the wheels 26, 28, as well as the cutting
system (motors 32a-32c), and for individual control over the speed of each motor
32a-32c, such that blades 34 in their respective blade assemblies 22a-22c, rotate
at different speeds, resulting in a sharp, robust and continuous cut along the cutting
width (CW).
The motors 32a-32c typically include feedbacks to the microprocessor,
to signal the microprocessor for control thereby. For example, should one blade
34 contact dense grass or vegetation, the other independently operating and controlled
blades 34 can rotate at different speeds, unaffected by the change in speed of the
blade in the dense grass or vegetation. Moreover, the microprocessor can detect
the rotational speed decrease, and increase the rotational speed of the motor, to
better cut this dense grass or vegetation. Also, the speed can be decreased, or
the motor shut down temporarily or completely, if the speed decrease is such that
further rotation of the blade will damage the motor, such as if rocks or other hard
protruding objects are contacted. The above operational scheme is permissible for
any two of the three blades or all three of the blades.
Figs. 4 and 5 show a first blade assembly 22, representative
of the blade assemblies 22a-22c detailed above. The blade assembly 22 includes a
motor 32, representative of motors 32a-32c detailed above, for rotating the blades
34. The motor 32 terminates in a stub 62, having a main portion 63 with a downwardly
sloped rim 63a, and a neck portion 63b. The stub 62 is received by a receiving member
64 on the blade 34. The receiving member 64 engages a collar 66, having a central
opening 66a, surrounded by a periphery 66b, that provides a temporary locking structure
for the stub 62 in the receiving member 64, for safely securing the blade 34 for
proper rotation and cutting.
Continuing also with Figs. 6 and 7, the stub 62, at its
neck portion 63b, connects to a rotatable shaft 72, extending from the motor 32.
The stub 62 has an outer surface 76 along its main portion 63 with a series of indentations
78. The stub 62 is typically made of a hard resilient polymeric material, such as
Nylon 6, that can be impregnated with approximately 20-30 percent glass fibers,
by techniques such as injection molding or the like, and is attached to the shaft
72 be heat bonding, adhesives, or the like.
These indentations 78 are spaced apart with respect to
each, other so as to be engaged by protrusions 80 on the receiving member 64, along
the inner surface 82 of the stub receiving portion 84. These protrusions 80 are
correspondingly shaped and spaced apart from each other with respect to the indentations
78, such that when the stub 62 is in the receiving portion 84, the indentations
78 and protrusions 80 create a frictional engagement that is frictionally snug,
yet allows for some rotational "play". By allowing this slight amount of rotational
"play", the blade attachment is not too tight, whereby the blade could fail upon
rotation and/or cutting.
It is preferred that the stub 62 and receiving portion
84 be circular in shape, and cylindrical, with other shapes also permissible. Alternately,
the positioning of the indentations 78 and protrusions 80 could be switched between
the stub 62 and the receiving portion 84.
The receiving member 64 attaches to the blade 34 at a central
platform 34p, as toroidal flanges 86, 87 engage the edges of the opening 88 of the
central platform 34p in a frictionally tight manner, with minimal, if any "play"
therebetween. Accordingly, since tight connections, with minimal if any "play",
are necessary for the stub 66 to the shaft 74 and the receiving member 64 to the
central platform 34p, the receiving member 64 is typically made of a hard resilient
polymeric material, such as Nylon 6, that can be impregnated with approximately
20-30 percent glass fibers, as above. The receiving member 64 is typically formed
by being molded onto the respective blade 34.
The receiving member 64 also includes a plurality of shoulder
members 90 on the upper flange 86, that due to the resiliency of the material from
which the receiving member 64 is made, are slightly flexible. These shoulder members
90 move inward when the collar 66 is placed thereover, and spring back to engage
the periphery 66b of the collar 66 in a locking manner, once the collar 66 is in
abutment with the upper flange 86. The collar opening 66a is dimensioned such that
the upon the locking engagement, there is minimal, if any, rotational "play" between
the receiving member 64 and the collar 66.
The collar 66 includes oppositely disposed Z-shaped members
92, each formed of a tapered end 93, a main body 94 and a hooked end 95. The material
that forms the collar 66, is of greater flexibility than the material of the receiving
member 64, and is sufficiently flexible to allow these Z-shaped members 92 to have
spring-like behavior. One suitable material for this collar is acetyl, molded as
a single piece by conventional plastic molding techniques.
The tapered ends 93 are such that when gripped by a user
and pressed inward, the hooked ends 95 spread apart and move outward a sufficient
distance, where the stub 62 can be removed from the receiving member 64, resulting
in the disengagement and disassembly of the blade assembly 22, as detailed below.
The tapered ends 93 typically include serrations 93a, that create additional friction
when gripped by a user.
Each hooked end 95 extends inward and downward, and has
a lower surface 95a, shaped to correspond to the rim 63a of the stub 62, and an
upper surface 95b that is tapered such that contact with the stub 62 (as it is pushed
into the receiving portion 84) spreads the hooked ends 95 apart, allowing the stub
62 to pass into the receiving portion 84.
Once the entire: stub 62 seats in the receiving portion
84, as it abuts the inner flange 97 of the receiving member 64, the Z-shaped members
92, spring inward, and the hooked ends 95 extend beyond both the stub 62 and receiving
portion 84, with lower surfaces 96a of the hooked ends 95 abutting the rim 63a of
the stub 62, locking the stub 62 in place. The stub 62, receiving portion 84 and
Z-shaped members 92, are correspondingly dimensioned to form a frictionally tight
engagement, such that axial (up and down) play is minimal if any, with rotational
"play" in accordance with that described above. This engagement is such that the
stub 62 will remain locked in the receiving member 62, until disengagement for disassembly
of the blade 34 from the motor 32 is desired by the user (detailed below).
The blade 34 is of a standard construction, of materials
such as steel, for example, Boron Steel, Stainless steel or the like. For example,
the blades 34 could be dimensioned such that they are of a length (BL) that is approximately
19 cm, and of a maximum width (BW) that is approximately 3.5 cm. For example, the
actual cutting portions 34x extend laterally from the platform 34p, at an angle
"q", that can be approximately 60 degrees. The blades 34 can also be shaped in accordance
with those detailed in PCT Patent Application No.
PCT/IL99/00336
(
WO 99/65289
).
The blade 34 collar 66, and stub 70, shaft 72 and motor
32 are symmetric in construction and are configured to align, engage and be retained
coaxially, along the axis 99. As a result of this structure and coaxial alignment,
engagement, and retention, the blade assembly is balanced, for proper rotation and
cutting.
In exemplary engagement and disengagement operations, the
blade 34 can be separated from the motor 32 in a tool free manner by a single user,
using just his two hands. By tool free, it is meant that tools, ordinary and/or
custom, are not required for the exemplary engagement or disengagement operations.
Initially, the user typically receives the blade assembly
22 in two pieces, as shown in Fig. 6. These pieces are the motor 32, with its shaft
74 and stub 62 as one piece, and the blade 34 and collar 66 as a single member,
as the other piece.
When, assembly or engagement is desired, body 24 is held
by a first hand of a user and the blade 34 (with the collar 66 attached, as shown
in Fig. 6) is held by the other hand. The stub 62 is pressed into contact with the
receiving portion 84 of the receiving member 64 on the blade 34. Upon this pressure,
the stub 62 forces the hooked ends 95 of the Z-shaped members 92 to move outward,
apart from each other. The stub 62 is pushed into the receiving portion 84, and
seats therein, whereby the protrusions 80 on the inner surface 82 of the receiving
portion 84 engage the corresponding indentations 78 on the stub 62. Seating is complete
when the stub 62 abuts the inner flange 97 of the receiving member 64. This seating
is such that the rim 63a of the stub 62 has now passed the hooked ends 95 of the
Z-shaped members 92, whereby the Z-shaped members springs inward to a pint where
the hooked ends 95 extend beyond the receiving portion 84 and the rim 63a of the
stub 62, and make a frictional contact therewith. The resultant engagement locks
the stub 62 in the receiving member 64, such that the motor 32 and blade 34 are
connected, and the blade assembly 22 is assembled.
When disassembly or disengagement of the motor 32 and blade
34 is desired, a first hand holds the body 24, while a second hand holds the blade
34. The tapered ends 93 of the Z-shaped members 92 are pressed downward (away from
the robot 20) whereby the hooked ends 95 move outward and spread apart. The stub
62 is now free to move axially and the hand grasping the blade 34 then pulls the
blade 34 away from the motor 32, with force suitable to overcome the forces of the
hooked ends 95 of the Z-shaped member 92. Pulling continues until the stub 62 has
cleared the receiving portion 84, and the blade 34 is completely separate from the
motor 32, and thus disengaged, whereby the blade assembly is disassembled.
Fig. 8 details a second embodiment of the blade assembly
100, as shown on the cutting deck 21 shown in Fig. 2 and detailed above, and suitable
for us.3 with the robotic mower 20 (detailed above). In this blade assembly 100,
the motor (not shown), shaft 104, and blade 106 are similar to the motor 32, shaft
72 and blade 34 detailed above, except where noted. The blade 106 includes at least
a central opening 108. The shaft 104 is modified, such that at least a portion of
it can receive the central opening 108 of the blade 106, and Is typically threaded
at its end, as to accommodate a bolt 110 and other mechanical fastening hardware.
Example
A robotic lawnmower was constructed in accordance with
Fig. 7 of the present invention, having 7.5 inch (19.05 cm) blades in each of its
three blade assemblies. The motors employed with each of the blade assemblies were
150W input motors. A robotic lawnmower was constructed in accordance with
PCT/IL99/00336
, incorporated by reference herein, with a single 18 inch (45.72 cm) blade,
driven by a 450W input motor. Both robotic mowers were run for a period of 100 minutes,
with their blades rotating at typical grass cutting (lawn mowing) speeds of 6000
cm/sec. The input power for running all three 150W input motors of the three-bladed
robot of the present invention was, on average, less than the input power required
for running the 450W input motor single bladed robot.
In other embodiments, the blade assemblies 22, 100 detailed
above could be modified for other applications. These modifications may include
replacing the blades 34, 106 with sweeping mechanisms for floors, walkways, snow
removal, etc.; polishing mechanisms for floors or the like; mopping mechanisms,
for wet floor cleaning; and vacuums for indoor and outdoor use.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have
been described, so as to enable one of skill in the art to practice the present
Invention, the preceding description is Intended to be exemplary only. It should
not be used to limit the scope of the invention, which should be determined by reference
to the following claims.